![]() ![]() ![]() Most observant Jews celebrate Shabbat by reading or discussing the Torah, attending a synagogue or socializing with other Jews at Shabbat meals. Orthodox and Conservative Jews, for example, may refrain from performing any physical labor, using any electrical device or other prohibited activities. Observing Shabbat can take many forms, depending on the type of Judaism that a Jewish family may follow. It typically begins at sunset on Friday and lasts until nightfall on Saturday. Shabbat is recognized as a day of rest and prayer for Jews. One example is the 13 Articles of Faith, which was written by a Jewish philosopher named Maimonides. Judaism embraces several other written texts and commentaries. The second form was completed during the 5th century A.D. The first version of the Talmud was finalized around the 3rd century A.D. It includes the interpretations of thousands of rabbis and outlines the importance of 613 commandments of Jewish law. The Talmud contains the Mishnah and another text known as the Gemara (which examines the Mishnah). Later, the Talmud, a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law, was created. 200, scholars compiled the Mishnah-a text that describes and explains the Jewish code of law that was previously orally communicated. These offered insights into how the Tanakh should be interpreted and documented oral laws that were previously not written down.Īround A.D. While the Tanakh (which includes the Torah) is considered the sacred text of Judaism, many other important manuscripts were composed in later years. The destruction of the second Temple was significant because Jewish people no longer had a primary place to gather, so they shifted their focus to worshipping in local synagogues. but was eventually destroyed by the Romans in A.D. Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians destroyed the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile.Ī second Temple was built in about 516 B.C. The kingdom fell apart around 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups: Israel in the North and Judah in the South. His son Solomon built the first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the central place of worship for Jews. Jewish TemplesĪround 1000 B.C., King David ruled the Jewish people. ![]() More than 1,000 years after Abraham, the prophet Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt after being enslaved for hundreds of years.Īccording to scriptures, God revealed his laws, known as the Ten Commandments, to Moses at Mt. Jacob took the name Israel, and his children and future generations became known as Israelites. Jews believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham and that he and his descendants were chosen people who would create a great nation.Ībraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became central figures in ancient Jewish history. According to the text, God first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism. The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah. It’s sometimes also referred to as the Pentateuch. The Torah-the first five books of the Tanakh-outlines laws for Jews to follow. The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the “Hebrew Bible.” It includes the same books as the Old Testament in the Christian Bible, but they’re placed in a slightly different order. ![]()
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